IFB, RFP, and RFQ Usage Matrix

IFB, RFP, and RFQ are common terms in purchasing literature and in this article we have paid them in account.

The provided matrix outlines key differences between Invitation for Bids (IFB), Request for Proposals (RFP), and Request for Quotations (RFQ) in procurement processes. Below is a structured summary of their usage and characteristics:

IFB (Invitation for Bids)

Price as Determining Factor: Yes (Awarded to the lowest responsive/responsible bidder).
Oral Presentations: Not considered.
Responsibility/Responsiveness Tests: Yes (Mandatory).
Revised Proposals/Bids: Not allowed.
Communication Restrictions: Strict (No discussions post-submission).
Signatures Required:
- Seller: Yes (Binding authority).
- Buyer: Yes (Binding authority).
Typical Use: Simple, price-driven procurements (e.g., construction, commodities).

RFP (Request for Proposals)

Price as Determining Factor: Maybe (Cost + technical/qualitative factors).
Oral Presentations: Maybe (Possible during evaluation).
Responsibility/Responsiveness Tests: Yes.
Revised Proposals: Maybe (Negotiations allowed).
Communication: Maybe (Clarifications/discussions possible).
Signatures Required:
- Seller: Yes.
- Buyer: Yes.
Typical Use: Complex projects requiring technical expertise (e.g., IT solutions, consulting services).

RFQ (Request for Quotations)

Price as Determining Factor: Maybe (Often price-driven but may include other factors).
Oral Presentations: Maybe (Less common).
Responsibility/Responsiveness Tests: Yes.
Revised Proposals: Maybe (Limited flexibility).
Communication: Maybe (Informal clarifications).
Signatures Required:
- Seller: No.
- Buyer: No.
Typical Use: Low-value, standardized purchases (e.g., office supplies, small services).